Gurjum

Gurjum balsam is obtained from various species of Dipterocarpus trees, primarily found in Southeast Asia, particularly in India, Thailand, and Vietnam. The oleoresin is collected by tapping the trees, similar to how maple syrup is harvested. The essential oil is then obtained through steam distillation of the balsam.

Gurjum balsam has been traditionally used in Southeast Asian medicine for treating skin conditions and respiratory ailments. In perfumery, it gained prominence as a natural fixative and alternative to other woody materials. It has been used in traditional Asian incense making and aromatherapy practices for centuries.

Gurjum balsam contains primarily sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, particularly α-gurjunene and β-gurjunene. It also contains gurjunene alcohol and other sesquiterpene alcohols. These compounds contribute to its characteristic woody-balsamic odor profile.